Comparison of practices

Selected practice: Сбор поверхностного стока и экономия воды для развития огородничества и фруктового садоводства с целью предотвращения деградации пастбищ

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Land reclamation via vertical drainage wells

Actions: A VDW system set up. Prior to its installation, the area was drained via a horizontal open-type drain-age network ineffective as to reducing the mass of salinized land. Comprehensive VDW efforts significantly enhanced drainage. However, currently due to the absence of a single organization responsible for VDW operation, maintenance and repair, the VDW systems recon-structed under World Bank and Asian Development Bank projects do not perform as effectively as ini-tially. Results: Financial and economic: Increased cotton yields (from 10-15 up to 30-35 dt/ha). Technical: Successful response to land salination in 3 districts: ground water table steadily kept at 2-3 m depth leading to a sharp contraction of salinized land area.

Казахстан, Южно-Казахстанская, Мактааральский

Watering of vegetable crops based on the method of mist sprinkling irrigation

Actions: A sprinkler (artificial rain irrigation) system installed consisting of 50 mm diameter polyethylene pipes assembled from 10-12 meter segments (5022 SD sprinkler; 3.5 bar pressure; 3.5 mm nozzles; water consumption of 0.87 m3/hour; water distribution area per 1 sprinkler – 12 m). Results: Financial and economic: Compared to ridge-and-furrow watering method, sprinkler irrigation led to a yield increase for the following crops:• carrots – 15.64%,• cabbage – 12.78%,• sweet pepper – 14.19%. Technical:• up to 20% reduced irrigation water consumption,• prevention of irrigation-induced soil erosion, • improved phytosanitary condition of vegetable fields.

Казахстан, Алматинская, Карасайский

Water-charging irrigation for rangelands used for growing forage crops

Actions:1) Reconstruction of the canal, stop-gates and field irrigation networks (rehabilitation of irrigation furrows),2) Setting up artificial pastures with forage crops Results: Financial and economic: Using water-charging irrigation for rangelands allowed increasing their productivity from 3.5 to 5 dt/ha and receiving 60 tons of herbage for cattle and sheep and goats from non-cultivated land. Technical:1) 12 km of the canal and 5 stop-gates to regulate water releases restored, 2) 5 km of irrigation furrows built,3) Cultivated pastures with forage crops created (soil preparation, alfaalfa planting, coordination of irrigation norms),4) Fields are prepared during the summer-fall period, and watered during late fall or early spring.

Казахстан, Жамбылская, Таласский

Improving reclamation condition of arable land around West Karmakshi Collector

Actions:The capital repair of inter-farm West Karmakshi Collector (WKC) is necessitated by the fact that in its current condition the Collector didn't provide for timely drainage of drainages and discharge water from cropland in the Left-Bank Massif. Results: Financial and economic: Increased crop productivity, mainly rice and forage crops Technical: Enhanced reclamation condition of land in the Left-Bank Massif

Казахстан, Кызылординская, Кармакшинский

Increasing water supply of Aksa-Ayuliye District

ActionsFor project purposes, 10 springs were selected still able to exert water to the surface. Project actions included arrangement of stone protection fencing around springs to prevent cattle from trampling the springs. To allow water release, drain pipes were installed in protection stone walls. ResultsFinancial and economic: The economic effect of livestock production and irriga-tion development exceeding 100,000 USD. TechnicalEnhanced (by up to 30-40%) supply of irrigation and drinking water in the area; drafted “Rules of Using General Use Water Facilities for Personal and Domestic Needs Located on the territory of the Rural District”.

Казахстан, Карагандинская, Шетский

Improving water distribution in water user association/s (WUA)

Actions: Based on the location of RWCCs and with the account of recommendations by akimats (local governance bodies), 8 RWCCs were selected to conduct a survey based on specially prepared questionnaires. Survey results showed that the main issues in target rural areas were water distribution among consumers and drawing up water use plans (WUP) for RWCCs. The proceeding trainings seminars focused on exactly these themes. At the end of the year, the monitoring of the introduction of new water distribution methods was conducted. Results: Application of this water distribution practice allowed to sharply reduce the quantity of conflict situations as well as nearly eliminate water losses due to filtration at the canals’ headworks and discharge.

Казахстан, Южно-Казахстанская, Мактааральский

Irrigation of pastures and hayfield meadows using Simulta-neous Impulse Sprinkling Kit (KSID-10S)

Actions: Deployment of the Simultaneous Impulse Sprinkling Kit (KSID-10S) allowing extremely uniform and simultaneous dispersion of irrigation water across all sections of arable pasture or hayfield meadow. Water expenditure at the impulse device makes 0.05-0.3 l/sec and 0.25-2.0 l/sec in the irrigation pipeline, thus, reducing (3-4 times) the costs associated with the pipeline network installation compared to other sprinkling systems (kits). The pipeline network is built of 15-25 mm diameter pipes easy to transport and assemble in mountainous conditions. Technical characteristics: Operation modes: automatic and manual Irrigated area: 10 ha Water consumption: up to 100 m3/day Average sprinkling (rain) intensity: 0.002-0.008 mm/min EFFICIENCY: 99% MOC: 98% Watering automation level: 100% Results: Ensured water supply according to crops requirements with the account of changing weather conditions and moisture deposits in active soil layer; Elimination of : 1) water-induced soil erosion, 2) puddling and 3) discharge run-off; No need for water recirculation among irrigation sections.

Казахстан, Жамбылская

Using drip irrigation systems in combination with soil mulching with polyethylene film

Drip irrigation combined with filming has been widely adopted around the world in vegetable and cucurbits cultivation. Thanks to long moisture preservation and proper thermal balance achieved under film, deployment of this technology allows reducing the overall need for irrigation water and receiving earlier and higher crop yields. Actions: The K-DEN Farm was offered to apply drip irrigation through film cover on the area of 5 hectares in Yntaly Rural District. The technique was adapted for project site by Doctor of Engineering R.I. Vagapov. The recommended technology is the most available to local farmers and ensures significant saving of irrigation water. Necessary resources: 1) seeds of vegetable and cucurbit crops; 2) polyethylene film; 3) equipment (DT-75 tractor, seeder, cultivator); 4) labor for preparatory works, sowing and harvest campaigns; 5) expert consultations and training. Results: Financial and economic: The yield of vegetable and cucurbit crops increased twofold compared to two previous years allowing the farm to receive the profit of $12,000/ha in spite of the fact that the whole yield was sold at low price to the local population of Eastern Kazakhstan and Almaty Regions. In particular, the productivity of vegetable crops amounted to 350-400 dt/ha, and cucurbits – 400 dt/ha. Technical: Water saving made 220,040 m3.

Казахстан, Алматинская, Алакольский

Arrangement of springs to improve stock watering

Actions: At first, the exact location of water outcrop was identified and cleaned from mud. 15 meters below the outcrop, 3 interconnected water tubs were installed (each 1.8 m long, 0.5 m wide and 0.5 deep). Each subsequent tub is located lower than the preceding one, thus, allowing water flowing down in the cascade manner. Results: Financial and economic: Cattle gaining weight quicker. Technical: Improved water supply in the area, including for cattle watering.

Кыргызстан, Чуйская, Сокулукский

Holding the Integrated Water Resources Management Olympiad (Academic Competition)

Actions: The participants were offered to undergo 2 exams (written and oral) within the framework of the Olympiad. Finalists of the written test could go on to the oral exam. Results: 1 student was selected from among the candidates to participate in subsequent Regional IWRM Olympiad and the International Summer School “Methods and Means of Assessing, Modelling and Monitoring the Water and Land Resources of Central Asia” to take place in Almaty City.

Кыргызстан

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